Experimental aircraft for commercial use

Experimental aircraft for commercial use. Jun 22, 2022 · What type of experimental aircraft requires an FAA issued authorization? This information applies to pilots of aircraft to which the FAA has issued Special Airworthiness Certificates for the purpose of Experimental under Title 14 CFR section 21. An amateur-built aircraft is an aircraft the major portion of which a builder constructs or assembles individually, as a unique project, either from raw materials or from a kit. Comp Air, Epic, GlasAir, LancAir, Vans, Velocity, Viperjet. But creating such a complex system comes with a serious challenge: How do you safely test it under the high-altitude conditions where it would need to operate? Sep 10, 2020 · The experimental and homebuilt aircraft market is populated by airplanes created and/or built by a private builder, either from scratch or using plans or kits, rather than by certified mechanics in a factory. Jun 13, 2023 · NASA and Boeing said the aircraft produced through the agency's Sustainable Flight Demonstrator project has been designated by the U. FEATURING "WEEKLY" EPISODES OF AVIATION CONTENT INCLUDING FACTORY TOURS, HOW ITS MADE, BEHIND THE SCENES, BUILDER HOUSE CALLS AND AVIATION EVENTS. In a statement, NASA said that it aims to use this one-of-a May 15, 2024 · The experimental and homebuilt aircraft market is populated by airplanes created and/or built by a private builder, either from scratch or using plans or kits, rather than by certified mechanics in a factory. North American X-15 – Hypersonic rocket-powered research aircraft (Mach 6) Bell X-16 - High-altitude reconnaissance jet. Under the proposed rule, Letters of Deviation Authority (LODAs) would AIR-200 will maintain these documents as part of the Web-based reference materials section concerning amateur-built aircraft. The X-66A is a pioneering X-plane dedicated to the U. A flight school (or FBO) wants to use experimental aircraft for flight instruction (and also probably “provide” the FI). Since the experimental aircraft are not rolling off a manufacturing line, A&Ps will find that there is variation in construction methods and materials. The “X” in X-plane stands for “ experimental . Oct 6, 2016 · At the same time, NASA is working to create new experimental aircraft that will demonstrate new “green aviation” technology intended to dramatically reduce fuel use, emissions and noise – with the goal of cutting emissions from the nation’s commercial aircraft fleet by more than 50 percent, while also reducing perceived noise levels May 17, 2024 · Flight flown: TBA. You get to build it. March 12, 2024. (1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or. c. 191 experimental certificates or 21. Experimental amateur-built aircraft represent a growing segment of the Or in other words, can I use an airplane experimental light-sport aircraft (E-LSA) for flight training and aircraft rental? The aircraft, a collaboration with Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, is the centerpiece of NASA's Quesst mission, with an end goal of minimizing cross-country travel time by making supersonic flight Dec 15, 2003 · The growth in experimental airplanes was partly the result of a huge slowdown in the commercial small-aircraft market. The application of the term to amateur builts is an artifact of the early days of homebuilding in the early 50s, when the Civil Aviation Authority (FAA's predecessor) was persuaded to create a formal licensing structure for amateur built airplanes created for personal use, and they decided to piggyback on the existing For all supersonic aircraft operating at the time, and in fact since then, the sonic boom produced as a result of flight at supersonic speeds has been deemed to be too annoying to the public at large to be declared acceptable. 2. These categories include A (the slowest), B, C, D, and E (the fastest). A diverse mix including cutting-edge designs and homebuilt aircraft is covered in this AOPA editorial collection. e. general aviation (GA) accidents in 2011. A new look at NASA, Boeing sustainable experimental airliner. 7 feet long and 29. ULTRALIGHT AVIATION. In addition, RV's are slick planes, and you'll want a CFI with either RV or Grumman AA-1 Yankee experience (the RV kit mfr recommends AA-1's for fam training Oct 23, 2023 · E-LSA stands for Experimental Light Sport Aircraft. 2010s-2020s. 575M (USD). 319(a)(2) (Experimental), and 91. Experimental Certificates are issued for the following purposes: (a) Research and development. 1, Volume 5, Chapter 9, Section 2, Airman Qualification Requirements for Aircraft for Which the Operating Limitations Require an FAA-Issued Authorization to Act as Pilot in Command. Rocket planes can achieve much higher speeds than similarly sized jet aircraft, but typically for at most a few minutes of powered operation, followed by a gliding flight. Commercial assistance in the fabrication and assembly of an amateur-built aircraft is allowed and is discussed in this AC. The Lockheed Martin X-59 Quesst ("Quiet SuperSonic Technology"), sometimes styled QueSST, is an American experimental supersonic aircraft under development by Skunk Works for NASA 's Low- Boom Flight Demonstrator project. Iturmendi, who has accrued more than 10,000 flight hours, has set multiple aviation world records and contributed to the 1 day ago · Airplane can be Delivered ‘As Is Where Is’ for $1. However, there are some real advantages to taking on this challenge. For as long as can be remembered, the FAA rules were interpreted as an instructor could usually not charge for the use of the aircraft, but could charge for flight instruction services. The owner of an experimental and is a CFI and wants to use the aircraft to provide flight instruction to “the public”. Special light-sport aircraft (SLSA) are factory built aircraft constructed to an industry consensus standard and sold with a special airworthiness certification. May 5, 2018 · From 91. Refer to § 45. The concept involves removing the wing from an Italian-built Tecnam P2006T aircraft and replacing it with an experimental wing integrated with electric motors. Advantages. , pitot check, appropriate engine, etc. t. Hiller X-18 – Tiltwing STOVL cargo aircraft. The fabrication and assembly of more than 50 percent of the aircraft (also known as the “51-percent rule”). [citation needed] Jun 14, 2022 · This fuel-efficient experimental aircraft project has three goals: develop and flight-test an aircraft and avionics to reduce aircraft fuel burn and CO2 emissions; obtain ground and flight data to This notice announces clarification to guidance in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Order 8900. The Experimental designation has been in existence for more than five decades. Launched in 2016, Falken Avionics aspires to be the value leader in avionics for Experimental and Light Sport aircraft. Boeing has partnered with NASA to ferry an MD-90 airplane from Victorville to Palmdale as part of an experimental aircraft project. Aircraft Maintenance Records: Information regarding the inspection, maintenance, modification, damage, or repair of a specific individual . v. NASA Aug 25, 2021 · So, the lack of clarity is understandable. NASA, in partnership with Boeing, has introduced a new livery for the X-66A aircraft, a part of the Sustainable Flight Demonstrator initiative. NASA's new experimental aircraft will go thump in the night – that's the plan, anyway. What distinguishes E-LSAs is their General aviation is a catch-all covering other kinds of private (where the pilot is not paid for time or expenses) and commercial use, and involving a wide range of aircraft types such as business jets (bizjets), trainers, homebuilt, gliders, warbirds and hot air balloons to name a few. At first, building your own aircraft might seem like a crazy idea. Learjet 35 for sale. A relatively recent and little-known EAA exemption is allowing the owners of experimental aircraft to rent their flying machines legally for the first time. An E-LSA must display the word “experimental. ”. • If the kit was purchased from the manufacturer Feb 17, 2016 · Aircraft Logbook: A collected location of paper (bound or unbound), digital, or other format, where information regarding a specific individual aircraft is placed in order to provide for subsequent access. 1 and ADS-B transponder out. Use the pull down menu to see our latest designs on a kit for your aircraft. , may be used. This airplane is equipped with TCAS 7. Feb 16, 2023 · An aircraft approach category refers to a grouping of aircraft based on their landing and takeoff performance capabilities. Available immediately for ‘direct purchase’ only. These LODAs were introduced shortly before AirVenture 2021 following a court ruling that almost … 421 Aviation Way Frederick, MD, 21701. 17 or 21. For limited and primary category aircraft, that means obtaining an exemption. Succeeding on a big project gives you a huge sense of accomplishment. Major Portion. An aircraft’s approach category is determined by Vref (which is 1. Since the wording used in 91. 7. " Boeing is working with NASA to build, test, and fly a full-scale X-66 demonstrator aircraft Executive Summary. LIGHT SPORT . Jul 18, 2022 · Sustainable aircraft of the future are going to need propulsion systems that can use technology to generate power comparable to the equipment used in today’s commercial jets. 319 was to prohibit use of experimental aircraft in Part 91 commercial operations or Part 121 and 135 operations; not prevent Jun 23, 2023 · Among several rule changes, the NPRM proposes to codify the ability to train, without any further FAA authorization, in experimental, limited, and primary category aircraft when the use of the aircraft is not being offered for hire to a third party as part of the instruction. (2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire. Aircraft insurance quotes are at best confusing and at worst misleading. The X-59 will be used to collect community response data on the acceptability of a quiet sonic boom generated by the unique design of the aircraft. For example: 1. Aviation Climate Action Plan. May 21, 2014 · This shows the huge advantage that a non-delta wing has at subsonic speeds. , Jan. Its first flight is scheduled for later this year. The FAA certifies such aircraft as “Experimental,” signifying they’re suitable for recreational but not commercial use. Landing Gear are good until Feb 2021, but can be Delivered with Fresh Shipset. Aircraft air conditioning for LancAir, Vans Aircraft, Velocity Aircraft, Viperjet, GlasAir, and any experimental aircraft. 25 percent sales and use tax on the aircraft’s sales price, less the value of any trade-in. 2000s. The experimental and homebuilt aircraft market is populated by airplanes created and/or built by a private builder, either from scratch or using plans or kits, rather than by certified mechanics in a factory. When an S-LSA certification changes to an E-LSA certification, the word “experimental” must be displayed on the aircraft. 8-0. 191(g). May 7, 2018 · The different purposes are explained quite well in 14 CFR 21. Aircraft for sale at FindAircraft. 1970s. NASA and Boeing said Monday the aircraft produced through the agency’s Sustainable Flight Demonstrator project has been designated by the U. 325 (Primary). 5 feet wide, the aircraft’s shape and the technological advancements it houses will make quiet supersonic flight possible. 319 is almost identical in phrasing to that of 61. At an event today, Friday January 12, NASA debuted the aircraft ahead of testing. At 99. The X-59, set to be unveiled in Palmdale We offer competitive rates for experimental aircraft insurance, including the Vans RV aircraft. Feb 23, 2016 · The proposed piloted experimental airplane is called Sceptor, short for the Scalable Convergent Electric Propulsion Technology and Operations Research. Experimental amateur-built (E-AB) aircraft represent nearly 10 percent of the U. Jun 29, 2022 · Experimental Category. 319, the answer is "no". 1. Falken’s FlightView system is the first fully stand-alone iPad EFIS. Feb 1, 2024 · NASA's Airborne Science Program, located within the Earth Science Division, is responsible for providing aircraft systems that further science and advance the use of satellite data. It's designed to bring about a 500% efficiency increase when cruising at higher speeds. ” Refer to § 45. Nov 21, 2017 · NASA X-57 Maxwell: The two larger motors at the wingtips reduce drag associated with wingtip vortices. In addition, standard aircraft hardware such as pulleys, bell cranks, rod ends, bearings, bolts, rivets, etc. 875M (USD) or Delivered with Fresh C-Check for $2. A number of NASA aircraft stationed at field centers around the country are available to support the program. e. S. As a Jan 4, 2023 · The Flying-V, an experimental aircraft that promises significantly greater fuel efficiency over more conventional commercial jet designs, is moving towards a larger, more detailed version since Jul 1, 2021 · The checklist 14 CFR 43, Appendix D (or similar, like the checklist in AC-90-89B), should be used whether the aircraft is experimental or certified. (a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate—. 872. (a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate — (1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or (2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire. Jul 14, 2021 · For training in experimental aircraft, that means obtaining a Letter of Deviation Authority, as outlined in the July 12 directive. Not all CFI's are comfortable getting in an amateur-built airplane unless they know who built it or have other assurances that it is safe to fly. NASA. 11. Dec 29, 2021 · Because that flight only lasted a few seconds, the record for the longest sustained flight above Mach 5 belongs to the Boeing X-51, another unmanned experimental aircraft, which in 2013 flew for Jun 25, 2002 · Experimental Aircraft Rentals. However, in the case of experimental aircraft, there are several legal wrinkles towards achieving such aerial shots of individuals. Jan 2, 2018 · The EAA has a document that strongly suggests that IFR operation in Experimental Aircraft is legal. By the early 1980s, production of general-aviation airplanes all but ground Sales and use tax is due on the sale, lease or rental of an aircraft. May 17, 2024 · The experimental and homebuilt aircraft market is populated by airplanes created and/or built by a private builder, either from scratch or using plans or kits, rather than by certified mechanics in a factory. Learjet 31 for sale. g. We're proud to represent one of the only exclusive EA insurance programs available in North America. An aircraft that meets the major portion requirement can be issued a Special Certificate of Airworthiness Amateur-built. 9) while remaining very efficient. 3. It defines aircraft that are used for non-commercial, recreational purposes such as education or personal use. The following criteria are used to determine which checklist you should use. An owner of an experimental aircraft may not receive compensation for the use of their aircraft to provide flight training except in accordance with a LODA issued under § 91. The X-66A is the X-plane specifically aimed at helping the United States achieve the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Flightline AC, LLC. 25 type certification, individuals should contact the Los Angeles Aircraft Certification Office at 562-627-5200. Experimental certificates are issued for the following purposes: (a) Research and development. Aug 25, 2023 · 1:17. Lockheed X-17 – Research rocket testing high mach re-entry. , operate, person) or through interpretation and guidance (i. The Boeing X-66 is an experimental airliner under development by Boeing in collaboration with NASA. 2F (change 4) or later, AC 20-27G or latest revision, and the Amateur-Built Aircraft Fabrication and Assembly Checklist (2009) or latest revision. Oct 30, 2023 · Aircraft Made up of Parts from Existing Aircraft, Making Safety Paramount. When buying an aircraft in Texas, you will pay between 6. 191 Experimental certificates. Feb 23, 2017 · § 91. Oct 10, 2019 · "Experimental" was originally applied to development test aircraft only. Instead, it is cobbled together with systems and components from other existing aircraft. Air Force as the X-66A. Testing new aircraft design concepts, new aircraft equipment, new those aircraft to be certificated in the special light-sport aircraft category. 113, which we know isn't intended to prohibit the renting of aircraft to private pilots, it seems reasonable to presume that the intent of 91. 25 percent and 8. X-planes are often at the forefront of aerospace research Mar 16, 2022 · Finding the right aircraft insurance is a confusing, headache-inducing process. Our FlightBox Pro ADS-B receiver is the first multi Mar 7, 2024 · Horizon believes that this experimental aircraft, if eventually licensed for commercial use, would be well-positioned to excel in medical evacuation, critical supply delivery, disaster relief, and An experimental aircraft is an aircraft intended for testing new aerospace technologies and design concepts. The French aircraft maker has announced plans to test hydrogen fuel An X-plane is a designation used by the United States to categorize experimental aircraft. 197 special flight permit for the purpose of production flight testing new aircraft. • If the kit was purchased from the manufacturer prior to 9/30/09 and if no commercial assistance was used then builders can use the prior Fabrication and Assembly Checklist FAA Form 8000-38, contained in AC 20-27F. X-20 Dyna-Soar – Spaceplane program. For more information, contact 9-awa-ait-directives@faa. The Experimental Aircraft Association, EAA, based in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, encourages and supports the flying, building and restoration of recreational aircraft. 800. Sep 10, 2023 · By NASA September 10, 2023. Learjet 25 for sale. Jan 24, 2024 · The X-59 is a 100-foot research aircraft designed to create a quieter sonic boom more suitable for commercial travel, following the end of the Concorde, the first supersonic commercial airplane May 20, 2024 · The experimental and homebuilt aircraft market is populated by airplanes created and/or built by a private builder, either from scratch or using plans or kits, rather than by certified mechanics in a factory. R. National Kit Evaluation Team (NKET). Jun 29, 2022 · 21. Learjet 36 for sale. A LODA is required. The data will help NASA provide regulators with the information needed to establish an acceptable commercial supersonic noise standard to lift the ban on commercial supersonic travel over land. Manufacturers of these designs, which meet the LSA definition, are qualified by the FAA to build ready-to-fly aircraft under SLSA rules. Learjet 23/24 for sale. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States has designed this category for light aircraft used for non-commercial purposes. Insurance for a small aircraft will cost around $1,500 to $2,000 per year, but the amount of coverage and cost will vary significantly by the type of policy, aircraft, flight, and pilot. 205. Feb 25, 2022 · CNN —. training in their aircraft but is required when an owner (or operator) wants to provide an experimental aircraft for the purpose of conducting flight training. 5k MSL for more than 30 minutes and always above 14k MSL; and (2) for experimental aircraft there are NO limitations on oxygen system installation; and (3) for type Commercial Use of EAB Aircraft? Thread starter Trez; Start date Oct 3, 2011; 1; 2; Next. The X-59’s thin, tapered nose accounts for Mar 25, 2024 · Experimental aircraft, or X-planes, are built for a wide range of research purposes – technology or concept demonstrators, unmanned test missiles, and even as prototypes. 3 times the stalling speed in the landing configuration). We focus on building practical, affordable solutions that make flying safer, easier, and more fun. The regs can be summarized as follows: (1) for non-commercial private pilots in unpressurized aircraft, you must use oxygen above 12. For example, the X-59 copped its landing gear from an F-16, while its life support systems were taken from an F-15. 319 Aircraft having experimental certificates: Operating limitations. ), I think instrument rated pilots are ok to fly IFR in an experimental. Jan 12, 2024 · PALMDALE, Calif. [1] Preliminary design started in February 2016, with the X-59 planned to begin flight testing in 2021. §91. gov. Use the same tools the pros use. RELEASE 23-068. Experimental light-sport aircraft (ELSA) are assembled from a kit under the experimental rules. A rocket-powered aircraft or rocket plane is an aircraft that uses a rocket engine for propulsion, sometimes in addition to airbreathing jet engines. , compensation). Examples are the Flight Design CT, Tecnam Sierra, Evektor Sportstar and Remos G-3 and GX. Redmond, Or 97756. Notably, the X-59 is not an entirely new airframe from top to bottom. Request a quick quote today! Call (800) 666-4359. Here is an overview of X-planes researched and tested at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. The term research aircraft or testbed aircraft, by contrast, generally denotes aircraft modified to perform scientific studies, such as weather research or geophysical surveying, similar to a research vessel. Since 1992, more than two million young people have discovered the world of flight through EAA’s Young Eagles program. Search the entire market of 18,319 aircraft listed and updated daily. 197 special flight permits, individuals should Primary user. Specific details on the use of commercial assistance are available in AC 20-139. First, 14 C. Under FAA regulations, if an individual builds at least 51 percent of an aircraft, the aircraft is eligible to be registered in the amateur-built category. Jan 16, 2012 · A large number of modern certified European aircraft qualify as Special Light Sport Aircraft (SLSA). Curtiss-Wright X-19 – VTOL tiltrotor. In a recent presentation hosted by Acubed, accomplished experimental test pilot Miguel Iturmendi discussed a variety of experimental electric-powered projects and the paths they face toward commercial certification. Modern aerodynamics have allowed commercial airliners to reach high subsonic speeds (Mach 0. Boeing's MD-90 will undergo modifications to test the may be used. EAA offers an Aircraft Building Sourcebook as one resource to help get you started. Jun 12, 2023 · Jun 12, 2023. 319(h) and described in paragraph 3-293. After the FAA has received your request and if the number you requested is not in use, you will receive a form letter assigning the N-number and a blank Form 8050-1, which is Jun 23, 2023 · aircraft with special airworthiness certificates (i. Shcramjet. Jan 9, 2024 · Startups, NASA pursuing supersonic commercial flight 13:20. EXPERIMENTAL . The company providing the kit must have produced and certified at least one SLSA to be If your aircraft is a kit, you must also send an Aircraft Bill of Sale, Form 8050-2, with the word “aircraft” crossed out and the word “kit” inserted in its place. 315 (Limited), 91. Testing new aircraft design concepts, new aircraft equipment, new aircraft installations, new aircraft operating techniques, or new uses for aircraft. The necessary equipment is described in 91. 23(b). Flight instruction is a noble profession, one that requires significant investment in terms of time, money, and effort. Nov 1, 2002 · 21. Phone: 541-330-5466. Jan 12, 2024 · The X-59 is a unique experimental airplane, not a prototype – its technologies are meant to inform future generations of quiet supersonic aircraft. Special airworthiness certificates may be issued in the experimental category for: Operating amateur-built aircraft : to operate an amateur-built aircraft in which the major portion has been fabricated and assembled by persons for their own recreation or education. A few intrepid flight instructors have taken up the challenge and are expanding their list Learjet for sale. An E-LSA is primarily intended to be used for sport and recreation, flight training, and aircraft demonstration. “Current policy” means the policy contained in FAA Order 8130. An owner of EAA Young Eagles. Limiting supersonic commercial aircraft to subsonic speeds over land has been a major obstacle to the development Mar 12, 2024 · Commercial Aerospace. Operating kit-built aircraft : to operate a primary Jun 13, 2023 · The X-66A could burn 30% less fuel. A focal point of the NASA/Boeing collaboration will be a pair of thin, extra-long wings stabilized by diagonal struts, a concept known as a "Transonic Truss 1. Build Technologies. 1 of 2 Dec 7, 2021 · With 14 electric motors turning propellers and integrated into a uniquely designed wing, NASA will use the X-57—its first all-electric experimental aircraft and the first crewed X-plane in decades—to demonstrate that electric propulsion can make planes quieter, more efficient, and more environmentally friendly. Tax is due on materials used to maintain, repair or remodel an aircraft, unless an exemption applies. 91: 21. These aircraft are primarily intended for educational or recreational use, not for commercial purposes. AIRCRAFT. 319 provides, in part: a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate - (2) carrying persons or property for compensation or hire. The face of flight training is changing, at least in some circles. The ceremony marked a significant milestone in Lockheed Martin's and NASA's decades-long journey to solve one of the most A letter provided by the FAA to an aircraft kit manufacturer advising that the aircraft kit to be evaluated meets the major portion requirement of § 21. For inquiries regarding 21. ’s aim of achieving net-zero aviation greenhouse gas emissions, as stated in the U. Jul 8, 2021 · Therefore, paying any instructor to provide training violates the language of FARs 91. While fighter jets use aerial refueling to compensate for burning more fuel, this would be a bit unrealistic for a commercial aircraft. Eligible amateur-built aircraft kits. 2672. These part 91 regulations use broad terms that the FAA has defined either in regulation (i. Provided all this is met, as well as all other IFR requirements (e. 191 Experimental Certificates. The sustainable flight demonstrator in production could slash aircraft fuel consumption and Dec 15, 2020 · Owners of experimental aircraft may receive, and provide compensation for, flight training received in their aircraft. com. Jun 13, 2023 · NASA said in a press release that the X-66A could inform a new generation of sustainable single-aisle aircraft, planes that currently operated as the backbone of passenger-bassed air travel. One of NASA’s three WB-57 aircraft that support the Practically, there are potential issues. Read More. NASA says it is " the first X-plane specifically focused on helping the United States achieve net-zero aviation emissions by 2050 . CHANNEL. , limited category, experimental, or primary category aircraft)1 carrying persons and property for compensation or hire. 191 and are one of the following: "Large" aircraft (more than 12,500 pounds), Turbojet powered, or Feb 13, 2023 · On Wednesday, February 8, the FAA published a Notice of Policy in the Federal Register confirming that letters of deviation authority (LODAs) are no longer required for most flight training in experimental aircraft where the use of the aircraft is not being compensated. The owner of an experimental amateur built, or experimental light sport aircraft is a CFI and wants to use the aircraft to provide flight instruction to “the public”. general aviation fleet, but these aircraft accounted for approximately 15 percent of the total-and 21 percent of the fatal-U. F. The vast majority of aircraft today are general aviation Nov 25, 2023 · The experimental aircraft category, as defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), includes a range of non-standard aircraft such as amateur-built, kit-built, and some factory-built models. 12, 2024 / PRNewswire / -- Lockheed Martin Skunk Works ® (NYSE: LMT) rolled out the X-59, a unique experimental aircraft designed to quiet the sonic boom, at a ceremony in Palmdale, California. Airbus just moved one step closer to launching the world’s first zero-emission commercial aircraft by 2035. These aircraft are typically developed to test new technologies, explore advanced aerodynamic concepts, and push the boundaries of aviation. hh fp vu cr ti ph tf gu ks xl