What are the precautions used when placing concrete from heights. Proper Lifting Techniques. Transporting, and Placing Concrete,” states that “if forms are sufficiently open and clear so that the concrete is not disturbed in a vertical fall into place, direct discharge without the use of hop-pers, trunks, or chutes is favorable. Consider adding or increasing dosages of retarding and Apr 11, 2016 · During tremie concreting the following precautions are to be taken while doing the work: The concrete should be coherent, rich in cement (not less than 370 kg/m3) and of slump between 150 and 180 mm. 29. Transporting and Handling of Ready Mixed Concrete Wheelbarrows and Buggies These are used for short flat hauls on all types of onsite concrete construction. faster hydration reactions) compared to normal/commercial class concrete. A wide variety of equipment has been May 31, 2021 · The concrete must have a free fall and not an obstructed fall. These cold conditions create the need for special precautions when placing, finishing, curing and protecting concrete against the effects of cold weather. A safe concrete delivery also involves communication among workers, situational awareness, and proper preparation of the delivery site. Adequate crane time must be available. To avoid sticking of concrete, formwork should be oiled before concreting. The maximum anchor nominal diameter is 5/8 inch (16 mm). 2—Preplaced-aggregate concrete 7. For example, workers who pour concrete foundations, slabs, sidewalks, and other hard structures come in direct contact with the material. However, this would make the concrete very unworkable so typically we use ratios of 0. CONCRETING METHODS. Use of high w/c ratio in concrete. These are used for transporting concrete from ground level to lower level. safety challenges, solutions and . Importance of Concrete Safety. Chute. 6—Forms for site precasting 7. rebar, cage and concrete formwork. 50. Anchors are located a minimum of 13/4 inches (45 mm) from the edge of the concrete parallel to the length of the track. This is the equipment that is used for transporting concrete over a big distance, particularly ready mix concrete. In proper tremie placing, a closure is used to seal the pipe prior to placing the concrete. II should be laid in horizontal and uniform layers. While falling objects are Feb 1, 1993 · Reduce cold joints, honeycombing, and bugholes by training workers how to place and vibrate concrete in walls. By William C. Suitable for mass concrete structures and heavyweight concretes. There are more than 250,000 people who work with concrete everyday, and of those workers, around 28,000 are injured each year. General Guidelines about placement of concrete : To achieve proper placing of concrete, following guidelines should be kept in mind. Concrete work is a tough and physically demanding job with a high risk of injuries because of the many hazards it presents. When a load is too heavy, ask for help. Precautions may include use of materials with a After completion of concrete, it will protect the soft concrete from the impact and abrasive action of the water currents. Take a look at the following five mistakes you want to avoid when pouring concrete in cold weather. Concrete weighs between 120 and 150 pounds per cubic foot which is a lot of weight in a small volume. Jul 29, 2018 · 26. The surface should have the same slope not flatter than 1 vertical to 2 and a ½ horizontal. Empty the Concrete Mix blend slowly into the water and mix thoroughly. Jul 11, 2019 · Instead, use your legs to lift them. 15 while that of aggregate is 2. While placing concrete, the position of formwork and reinforcement should not get disturbed. If this test is being carried out in the field, the sample mixed concrete shall be obtained. Mixing, transporting, and handling of concrete should be carefully coordinated with placing and finishing operations. Hazards of concrete work. After placing in positions, the concrete surface should be adequately protected from exposure to direct sun rays by erecting sunshades. If necessary, coffer dams are to be constructed to reduce the velocity of flow through the construction zone. The successful placement of concrete is dependent upon careful mixing, the proper equipment, and adequate transportation. Use caution when working near the drum. If the concrete gets on your skin, it may burn. 1) is related to the higher amounts of cementitious content (i. If during curing the concrete is allowed to dry out, as may happen in hot weather, the chemical change stops right at the point where the concrete loses its moisture. Although concrete can be placed in cold weather, certain precautions should be taken to ensure the job is handled properly. When concreting is carried out under water, a temporary casing should be installed to the full depth of the bore hole or 2 m into non collapsible . Don’t push the vibrator down; let it sink un- der its own weight. ACI's Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete (ACI 304R-89) in Section 5. Nov 20, 2023 · Acrylic sealers sit on the surface of dense, impermeable concrete used in most concrete countertops. Safely designing and erecting a formwork Dec 1, 2021 · The use of faster setting cements may improve the rate of hardening of concrete in cold weather. (45 kg) of cement occurs from cement hydration Then the pipe is gently raised about 6 inches to release the concrete letting it rise up around the tube. The formwork or the surface which is to receive the fresh concrete should be properly cleaned, prepared and well watered. If problems occur, however, corrective action can minimize their recurrence. Unstable, uneven, or slippery surfaces can increase the risk of slips, trips, and falls when working at heights. Don’t allow the heaping of concrete at one place during the pouring. The current monitoring method relies on visual and time-consuming feedbacks by project managers, which can be subjective. Tip. 9. Material stacking safety begins with these basic guidelines: Stack loads on a level surface, straight and even. Never hang brackets from wall ties after removal of forms. Don’t use semi-dry concrete in pouring. Transit Mixer. Depending on the formula, it can weigh up to 150 pounds per cubic foot. Concrete applications may be considered hot weather concrete at temperatures ranging from 77 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit depending on the specific application. Unstable Working Surfaces. When combustion heaters are used to supply heat, good ventilation, as well as an ample supply of moisture, are needed as the carbon dioxide will cause the new concrete surface to become Add water (1. If you are going to be placing concrete during such a period there are a few things to understand. If one proceeds slowly, mix Placing and Finishing Concrete. 2 and 3. 4. Precautions During Concrete Placement. Figure 2. Lifting Injuries. 5 Concrete is remixed for minimum 30 revolutions at mixing speed until uniformity is within limits. 40-0. 0 Batching and Mixing Concrete. A highlight is our lower carbon concrete range which are IS 1199:1959 Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete. By taking these precautions, blistering can be avoided, resulting in a smooth and quality concrete surface. #5 bars or smaller: 1½ inches. Ensure the steel props are safely secured to the column formwork and the floor, and that adjustment for pushing and pulling is operational. It reduces the need for manual labor, as the boom can reach heights and distances that would otherwise require scaffolding or cranes. The period of vibration shall be as per the thickness and type of the mix. 75 litres of clean water per bag of Concrete Mix) to the mixing vessel. 20 is needed to totally hydrate or cure concrete. Sensors and monitors can detect changes in temperature, humidity, airflow, and noise levels that could be potentially hazardous for workers. If it is dropped from a height, the coarse aggregates fall early and then mortar matrix. When a crosspoint of crossbracing is used as a midrail, it must be between 20 inches (0. 27. Maintain a strict water to cement ratio. 10. Care is needed so the tag-line isnot caught on adjacent 3. Spreaders may be staked in to be removed after the concrete is placed. Use proper lifting techniques. a. ACI 305. In the pump method, its working starts with the suction stroke which sucks the concrete inside the pipe. 08. Mobile Elevating Work Platforms 13-22 View common elevating work platform . 3, recommends a maximum temperature of fresh concrete at time of discharge to not Health Hazards. Props Angle in Column. and suggested PPE for working on . Due to differences in specific gravity lighter particles have a tendency to move upwards and heavier Oct 17, 2013 · Also, concrete of large area shall to be placed in strips, 25 cm apart, after casting all strips. The propping angle should be 45 ° to the floor. Compaction of Concrete: In the process of placing concrete, air is entrapped. (1. Only if absolutely needed, add small amounts of additional water (in increments of ~100ml) to achieve a workable mix. The best way to avoid skin irritation is to wash frequently with pH neutral soap and clean water. Keep the work area clean and organized. Place planks, sheets of plywood dunnage, or Pumped concrete is widely used and more reliable method for the concrete placement of underwater concrete as well as multi-storied buildings, bridges, tunnel etc. 09. Dec 4, 2023 · Appropriate Venting: Use a roller during the finishing operations. 451(g)(4)(xv) • Midrails— Midrails must be installed approxi-mately halfway between the toprail and the platform surface. Scaffold brackets must be attached with the manufacturer’s recommended connectors. Never twist your body when carrying a load; pivot your feet, not your spine. 2. 10 Precautions to be taken during placing of Concrete. To attach drywall to concrete, follow these steps: 1. The concrete mix should be properly designed with optimum quantity of water to make a cohesive mix. There are several common hazards of The slump test of concrete determines the degree of deformation, or “slump,” of the concrete when a cone-shaped mold is removed. (8 marks) (CLO2; PLO2, C2) b) Why is it necessary to do compacting on fresh concrete? What would happen if concrete is not compacted? Briefly explain how to compact concrete. Some concrete won’t be vibrated if the vi- brator doesn’t sink vertically. its advantages: Versatile—ideal inside and on jobsites with changing placing conditions. Workers must never attempt to walk or stand on top of forms. Can be used when concrete is unsuitable for pumping. Concrete Placement in Special Conditions. The ideal curing temperature is 23°C. These hazards include risks related to working at heights, exposure to harmful chemicals, and the potential for accidents due to heavy machinery and equipment used during the pouring process. Such concrete will not exhibit any tendency for segregation. Keep aisles and passageways clear. 1—Referenced standards and reports 8. It is desirable to deposit concrete as near as practicable to its final position. Mar 4, 2019 · `According to (ACI304R, 2000) following precautions should be considered in placing concrete, Arrange equipment so that the concrete has an unrestricted vertical drop to the point of to placing concrete. 8—Forms for concrete placed under water Chapter 8—References, p. Acrylics generally provide modest heat resistance but are UV resistant. Assure that the concrete has attained sufficient strength to properly allow the May 3, 2018 · May 3, 2018. The low discharge time requirement for VicRoads concrete (ref. Foundations to be concreted in layers of thickness not exceeding 300mm. Wear Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 2. b) The rate of placing and compaction should be equal. 2—Cited references PREFACE Before the formation ofACI Committee 347 (formerly ACI Committee 622) in 1955, thee had been an increase inr the use of reinforced concrete for longer span concrete. 0 Introduction. Feb 8, 2023 · Concrete Placing Precautions. Requires relatively level, smooth access. There will be chances of honeycomb inside the concrete. Precautions to be Taken While Placing Concrete: Following precautions should be taken while placing concrete: 1. Sep 28, 2023 · Hazards Associated with Concrete. As the speed of placing is extremely fast, any obstruction against the flow can cause segregation of concrete. Limitations dependent on bucket size Jul 20, 2021 · The answer to both is: Yes. Top: Reinforcing steel mats are supported by chairs to keep the steel at the proper elevation in the slab. 6 to 2. It should be thoroughly supported to props or ties before pouring the concrete so that Nov 1, 2020 · Placing and vibrating concrete are vital activities that affect its quality. 28. 29 MB) Modern demands on the transporting and handling of concrete have imposed a wide variety of requirements on the operations needed, and the methods and equipment that have been developed are many. If you must stand in fresh concrete while it is being placed, screeded, or floated, wear rubber boots high enough to prevent concrete from getting into them. The following precautions could be taken. This segregation results into weaker concrete. Concrete should not be deposited more rapidly than it can be spread, struck off, consolidated, and bullfloated and deposited continuously as near as possible to its final position. We discuss the safe handling of concrete, providing guidance on best practices and precautions to mitigate any potential risks associated with its use. Protection from Direct Sun Rays. In deep beams, concrete should be dropped at one end and vibrated in such a manner that it flows below the main bars at the bottom. Too much water ruins good concrete. Don’t drop concrete form greater height as this will cause segregation. The proper anchor bolts and inserts must be used and be of adequate strength for combined shear and tension loadings. To provide durable concrete, it should be free of segregation and the mortar should be in close contact with the coarse Jun 25, 2020 · 07. Chill the mix water or use ice in the mix. This is another fairly easy hazard to avoid. How to Reduce Bleed. It should not be placed in large heaps or in general in sloping layers. Precautions for the use of concrete placing boom,concrete pump machine,concrete pump machine,concrete pump price list,spider concrete placing boom, E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +86 18153223261 Concrete should be dropped on its final position as closely as possible. 3—Slipforms 7. Maintain good housekeeping. For deep, long walls, reduce the slump for upper layers 2 to 3 in below the slump for the starting layer. A tag-line shall be used to control the concrete bucket as it is being positioned. Jun 5, 2023 · Concrete delivery safety procedures go beyond the correct use of personal protective equipment and the safe operation of machinery. In the case of concrete containing aggregate of maximum size more than 38 mm, the concrete shall be The sill plate is 2-inch (51 mm) or 3-inch (76 mm) nominal thickness. Step-1: Planning Concrete Pour: Approach to reach the placing area should be free from any traffic obstruction, ensuring concrete placement with least lag. Field quality control must be maintained while handling, transporting, placing & compacting and finishing concrete. Precautions Taken To improve the quality of concrete it is necessary that the temperature of the concrete should be as low as possible. Nov 7, 2019 · The American Concrete Institute (ACI) defines cold weather concreting as when: “the air temperature has fallen to or is expected to fall below 40 degrees F during the protection period. Place heavier loads on lower or middle shelves. Read more. The basic principles of placement and vibration are the same for any placing equipment used. Speed Up the Work. Prevent burns and skin and eye irritation by avoiding skin contact and eye contact with cement dust or wet cement. Keep your hands and feet clear of moving parts. If concrete segregates during mixing it should be properly remixed before placing. Aug 1, 1972 · Transporting and Handling Concrete. Concrete Work Safety Talk. e. Placing the 25 cm areas shall be made, in order to prevent shrinkage cracks. If the sub-grade soil is of poor quality, it shall be excavated, and a layer of gravel 100mm thick shall be provided. To avoid segregation, concrete should not be dropped from a height more than 1 meter. 7—Use of precast concrete for forms 7. 5H; if you increase or decrease the slope then concrete will not move smoothly. Keep the Work Area Clean and Organized. Avoid exposure to cement dust to prevent bronchitis and silicosis. When heated enclosures are used to protect freshly placed concrete, what precautions are necessary? A. RESULTS FOR PLACING CONCRETE. Do not place concrete full depth at each placing point. This can help to push out any trapped air, preventing the formation of blisters. Avoid dusty areas and wet-down work When hoisted, concrete buckets shall be provided with a “safety-line” which consists of a wire rope sling secured to the bucket and above the crane hook that is rated 6 times the anticipated load. Wet concrete and the cement base used to create it have hazardous implications for everyday people. b This is used for field purposes but it is not a very good scientific process. It is generally done by unskilled labour at site. 1. Oct 6, 2020 · The root cause of segregation of concrete is the difference in specific gravity and size of its constituent material. Insert the vibrator vertically, making sure it pene- trates into the pre- ceding lift. Don’t add more water for ease of placement during the making of concrete. Top 10 Concrete Safety Tips Every Worker Should Know. This site will define, analyze, and demonstrate the importance of each in the overall process of placing concrete. 1 gives some precautions for placing. Causes of Segregation of Concrete. Concrete Compaction: It is required to compact the concrete adequately to achive the required quality and strength. The drum can be heavy and can cause serious injuries if it falls or rolls. Download the PDF version of this article. Workers should use mechanical mixers, which help contain the dust, and add water gradually to minimise airborne particles. Moisten dry, absorptive aggregates. -. Take care not to use coatings which might stain the concrete. Panarese. Do not move concrete laterally with vibrators. The vibrator’s area of influence should be larger than the wall thickness. Note: 35°C is the maximum concrete temperature for field placing allowed under AS1379. ACI Concrete Terminology. Stack drums, barrels, and kegs symmetrically. DOWNLOAD NOW. In general, a leading edge is present when there is a 6 foot or Precautions for Hoisting Precast Concrete Components - Nov 20, 2023-Prefabricated buildings have been widely used due to their advantages such as short cycle time and energy saving. Subpart M requires the use of fall protection when construction workers are working at heights of 6 feet or greater above a lower level. To further support the practical application of these concepts, we detail Boral’s range of products. Concrete foundation should be constructed on firm undisturbed soil, engineered fill, or coarse gravel. A clear understanding of the construction project, including the layout of the Reinforced Concrete Construction . 347-30 8. Walkway systems must be in place along the upper level of formwork. Feb 23, 2018 · Formwork is a mold, but the formwork system is much more: a structure of its own that represents 35% to 60% of total concrete construction cost. 8. 3 meters) above the work platform. •The concrete should be deposited in horizontal layers of about 150 mm height. Reusable forms should be precoated with oil or varnish. 5. The slope of the chute must be 1V:2. Concrete placed in restricted forms by borrows, buggies, cars, sort chutes or hand shoveling should be subjected to the requirement for vertical delivery of limited height to avoid segregation and should be deposited as nearly as practicable in it’s final position. a) The concrete should be placed in uniform layers. This is the area where the arms and back can lift the most with the least amount of effort. The level tolerances for the prepared sub-grade shall Jul 29, 2018 · Check the plumb of column by using plumb bob. When it's dry, concrete is incredibly heavy. For vertical laying of concrete, care should be taken to use stiff mix. 2—Cited references PREFACE Path or patio forms are usually made with planks set on the edge and braced with heavy stakes on the outside, at 300mm intervals. It imperative for the safety and well-being of workers that safety precautions and proper protective equipment be implemented when working near leading edges. Also Read : What is Concrete? Transportation & Placing All concrete should be transported with the help of transit mixers to the place of laying as rapidly as possible. And while gloves will protect your hands from concrete-related burns, they won't protect your arms or legs, which is why Apr 16, 2020 · Based on the planned sequence, concrete will be poured to avoid the formation any cold joints. Reaffirmed- Dec 2013. A fog nozzle shall be used carefully to cool air, and to cool the forms and steel immediately a head of placing concrete. Anchors are embedded into concrete a minimum of 7 inches (178 mm). Although many local and national requirements vary, it is generally recommended to consider taking precautions for placing concrete in “hot weather conditions” when the concrete temperatures are in the range of 77-95ºF (25-35ºC). The entrapped air reduces the strength of concrete up to Cold weather concreting is defined by ACI as placing concrete during a period where average ambient temperature falls below 40°F (4°C) for more than three continuous days. ”. Crane & Bucket. It also increases efficiency and productivity, as the concrete can be placed quickly and accurately. Heavier loads place greater stress on muscles, discs and vertebrae. JhaandSinha[8]havenoted, “Strippingformworkcanbe one of the most hazardous phases of in-situ concrete construction. It is said that only a water cement ratio of 0. 1-14, sections 3. placing concrete include • Overloading formwork and falsework, especially if concrete piles up in one location or is poured too fast • Working at dangerous heights near perimeters of decks, stairs, and shaft openings, or accessing platforms on wall and column forms • Electrocution and shock if power tools, equipment are used near wet concrete crossbracing is used as a toprail, it must be between 38 inches (0. Apr 14, 2020 · Keep an evaporative retarder (aliphatic alcohol) on site in case conditions require its use. Knowing how to design and build that formwork structure for economy, quality, and safety is often the difference between a profitable project and a failure. The formwork or the surface which is to receive the fresh concrete should be properly cleaned, prepared Low placing rate (typically 1 to 1. Where direct contact is unavoidable, PPE like gloves and masks should be used. Definition: the deposition, distribution, and consolidation of freshly mixed concrete in the place where it is to harden (often inappropriately referred to as pouring). In this method, the workability of the concrete should net change. 7. Acrylics offer good stain protection but are easily scratched. The instability can be due to various factors such as weather conditions (rain, ice, snow), dirt or debris on the surfaces, structural deficiencies, or the nature of the surface material (for example, gravel roofs or loose scaffolding planks). 6. It is most important to maintain a high humidity. ” ACI 301, 304, and 318, however, all require placing the concrete at or near its final position to avoid is removed once the concrete has set and gained adequate strength to bear self-weight and construction loads. However, ACI 301 makes no mention of a 3- to 5-foot limit. If the ground is frozen or covered with ice or snow, you should not place your concrete. MISTAKE #1: PLACING ON FROZEN GROUND. The term bleeding is used to mean the diffusion or running of concrete through formwork. In case of reinforced concrete, thickness of concrete may vary from 15 cms to 30 cms. The specific gravity of cement is around 3. Concrete Placing can be defined as pouring concrete into May 1, 1991 · Some publications used to give a recommended free fall for concrete. Otherwise the bleeding of concrete through cracks in forms will take place. 97 m) and 48 inches (1. Question: Question 2 (25 MARKS) a) In placing concrete, briefly explain FOUR (4) precautions that must be taken to ensure a lasting surface free from defects. Oct 5, 2022 · This system is used to pour the concrete in a deep location. 3) Concrete Production. It applies at heights of less than 6 feet when working near dangerous equipment, for example, working over machinery with open drive belts, pulleys or gears or open vats of degreasing agents or acid. Aggregates Nov 2, 2023 · How to Attach Drywall to Concrete. #1. Cure concrete for at least 7 days. Hydration is the process from which concrete gains its Apr 7, 2020 · Lift with your legs, not your back. Ensure proper spacing of the channels by drawing a plumb line. A 10-15 º F (5-8 º C) temperature rise per 100 lb. Apr 6, 2014 · Avoiding Segregation in Concrete Precautions to Take. Periphery/Spaces to receive concrete are clear free from debris and free from water. Bottom: Concrete must be held in the proper position during concrete placement. Scratches often leave the concrete completely bare and unprotected. Using admixtures minimizes segregation. Aug 11, 2022 · The leading edge is the edge of the surface that is being worked on and can change each time a new section is added. Following are the principal techniques that have been used for placing concrete underwater: 1. The time of mixing, arrival on-site and Q. Dec 1, 2023 · During transporting and placing of concrete, due to vibrations, cement paste, sand gets seperated from aggregates. Place items to be lifted within the “power zone”. 2 Assure that anchor brackets are attached properly and with required thread engagement per manufacturer’s recommendations. Stepwise manual placement of steel reinforcement is - Step 1: Placement of transverse bars with the help of supports or chairs. 3. The following methods can be used by the supplier to assist with the placing of concrete in hot weather: Nov 1, 2023 · It allows for precise placement of concrete, even in complex structures or hard-to-reach areas. Jun 1, 2022 · 2. Jun 12, 2023 · The precautions that need to be carried out during concrete placing are as follows: 1. Feb 27, 2024 · 2. PLACING CONCRETE Concrete should be discharged into the forms within 60 minutes of batching. However, there are still many problems in the management of prefabricated buildings, which bring safety hazards to prefabricated construction. Precautions should be planned in advance to counter the effects of high temperature well in advance of execution to counter these effects. Improper lifting injuries are common in these situations, especially if a worker tries to lift a poured piece of concrete without the proper equipment. On any delay between placing of layers, vibrate the concrete thoroughly at the interface. The concrete, as it comes out of the mixer or as it is ready for use on the platform, is to be transported and placed on the formwork. When a truck mixer or agitator is used for transporting concrete, the concrete should be delivered to the site of work and discharge should be complete within 2 hrs from plant exit. Handling the concrete mix requires precautions to mitigate the risks of skin irritation and respiratory issues. The concrete supplier’s responsibility is to manufacture and deliver the concrete in accordance with AS 1379. Porker vibrator is used to compact the concrete. Concrete surfaces should remain sharp, straight, and unbroken throughout the placement process. Mar 13, 2005 · For concrete exposed to weather or earth (such as basement walls) #6 bars and larger: 2 inches. Then the pipe and hopper are filled. 5 m³/h) Maximum distance about 50m for continuous work. To obtain such a condition attempts should be made to keep the temperature of the ingredients of concrete as low as possible. Standing water, mud, frozen ground, and other debris should be removed. 1926. Jan 11, 2024 · Concrete pouring involves several hazards that need to be assessed to ensure the safety of workers and the surrounding environment. Following precautions should be taken during placing of concrete. Aug 14, 2015 · 7. Mar 8, 2018 · of the mix and take the following precautions to keep the temperature of plastic concrete as low as practical (many states use 90°F as maximum): Dampen the subgrade or base before placing concrete. Safety precautions must be taken while stripping the formwork and exposingthehardeningconcrete. Transit Mixer The manual method is performed by placing the reinforced steel by hand before placing the concrete on it the reinforcing steel is supported by a chair or small metal to achieve the required height of the steel in the slab. Never use substitutes or make-shift devices. suggested PPE. 11. The specific gravity of water is 1. #6) Wear Long-Sleeved ClothingFinally, it's important to wear long-sleeved clothing, including a shirt and pants, when pouring wet concrete. The power zone is close to the body, between the mid-thigh and mid-chest of the person doing the lifting. Clutter and debris can create tripping hazards and make it more difficult to move around safely. Applications at Heights 6-12 Discover safety hazards, precautions . As the tremie is lowered to the bottom of the form, water pressure holds the plate tightly in position. Procedure 1. Delamination Waterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, and long pants should be worn. and 45 cms in case of mass concrete. As far as possible, the concrete should be set in a single thickness. Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, boots, goggles or HEPA-filter respirators. During placing, it should be observed that all edges and corners of the concrete surface stay unbroken, sharp, and straight in line. There are four primary ways to reduce the possible occurrence of concrete bleed: 1. 4. Weight of Objects. Use of Sensors and Monitors: Sensors and monitors can help detect potential safety hazards in construction sites. 4—Permanent forms 7. Use wheeled carts whenever possible and don’t overload it. Mixing and Transporting Concrete. 7. This data can be used to take appropriate safety measures before accidents occur. 0. 5—Forms for prestressed concrete construction 7. The work should be executed with utmost speed, since delays will affect the concrete adversely due to hot weather conditions. Use a concrete-nail gun to attach hat channels to the wall, hammering in three concrete nails on each side of each channel. This measurement technique is commonly used to assess the concrete mix’s properties, including its strength, stability, and water-to-cement ratio. wv sd gd sq bg cw ja vn ig kj